Software Testing Interview Question and Answers

1.	Define software?
	Software is a set of instructions used to acquire inputs and to manipulate them to produce the desired output in terms of functions and performance as determined by the user of the software.

2.	Define testing?
	Testing is a process of executing a program with the intent of finding of an error.

3.	What are the types of software?
	There are two types of software. There are System Software Application Software

4.	What is the difference between system and application software?
	Computer software is often divided into two categories : System software : This software includes the operating system and all utilities that enable the computer to function. Application software : These consist of programs that do real work for users.

5.

Define process?

A process is a series of steps involving activities, constraints, and resources that produce an intended output of some kind. 6. What is a Software Process?   A software process is the related set of activities and processes that are involved in developing and evolving a software system. 7. What is the difference between verification and validation?   Verification is the process of determining whether the output of one phase of software development confirms to that of its previous phase. Validation is the process of determining whether a fully developed system confirms to its requirement specifications. 8. What are the types of maintenance?   There are four types of maintenance. There are Corrective Maintenance Adaptive Maintenance Perfective Maintenance Preventive Maintenance 9. What is SQA?   Software Quality Assurance is a set of activities designed to evaluate the process by which software is developed and/or maintained. 10. What is the difference between software engineering and system engineering?   System Engineering is concerned with all aspects of computer based systems development including hardware, software and process engineering. System Engineering are involves in system specification architectural design intergration and deployment. 11. What are the categories of defects?   There are three main categories of defects: Wrong Missing Extra 12. What are the types of Errors?   Errors can be classified into two categories : Syntax Error Logic Error 13. What is the difference between syntax and logical errors?   Syntax Error : A syntax error is a program statement that violates one or more rules of the language in which it is written. Logic Error : A logic error deals with incorrect data fields, out–of–range terms, and invalid combinations. 14. What is fault?   A fault is a condition that causes a system to fail in performing its required function. 15. What is failure?   Failure is the inability of the software to perform a required function to its specification. 16. What is a bug?   A software bug may be defined as a coding error that causes an unexpected defect, fault, flaw, or imperfection in a computer program. In other words, if a program does not perform as intended, it is most likely a bug. 17. What is test log?   A test log is used by the test team to record what occurred during test execution. 18. What is the difference between static and dynamic testing?   Static testing : is performed using the software documentation. The code is not executing during static testing. Dynamic testing : requires the code to be in an executable state to perform the tests. 19. What is debugging?   Debugging is a process that developers go through to identify the cause of bugs or defects in code and undertake corrections. 20. What is a maturity level?   A maturity level specifies the level of performance expected from an organization. 21. Define Metrics?   The continuous application of measurement based techniques to the software development process and its products to supply meaningful and timely management information, together with the use of those techniques to improve that process and its products. 22. What is the difference between system and real time software?   System Software : System software is a collection of programs used to run the system as an assistance to other software programs. The compliers, editors, utilities, operating system components, drivers, and interfaces are examples of system software. This software resides in the computer system and consumes its resources. A computer system without system software cannot function. Real time Software : Real time software deals with a changing environment. First, it collects the input and converts it from analog to a digital, control component that responds to the external environment and performs the action. 23. What is verification?   Verification ensures the product is designed to deliver all functionality to the customer; it typically involves reviews and meetings to evaluate documents, plans, code, requirements and specifications; this can be done with checklists, issues lists, walkthroughs and inspection meetings. 24. What is meant by validation?   Validation ensures that functionality, as defined in requirements, is the intended behavior of the product; validation typically involves actual testing and takes place after verifications are completed. 25. What is error tracking?   Error tracking is an activity that provides a means for assessing the status of a current project. 26. What is white box testing?   White box testing is a test case design method that uses the control structure of the procedural design to derive test cases. It is otherwise called as structural testing. 27. What is Black box testing?   Black box testing is a test case design method that focuses on the functional requirements of the software. It is otherwise called as functional testing. 28. What is the difference between coupling and cohension?   Cohension is a measure of the relative functional strength of a module. Coupling is a measure of the relative interdependence among modules. 29. What is Software reliability?   Software reliability is defined as the probability of failure free operation of a computer program in a specified environment for a specified time. 30. What are the categories of metrics?   There are three types of metrics are : Product Metrics Process Metrics Project Metrics